High Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure—Everyone Has It
Every living person has blood pressure. Blood Pressure (BP) is simply a measurement of the force with which blood is pumped by the heart through the blood circulatory system. This is normal and essential. The problems begin when the pressure builds up.
This can happen when cholesterol plaque builds up on the artery walls, effectively narrowing the arteries, and, as a consequence, increasing the pressure of the blood flow. Since the action of the heart, which pumps the blood is an alternate squeezing and relaxation movement, BP measurement is taken at both points.
Causes
High blood pressure types are classified as primary (essential) or secondary
Primary high blood pressure
Primary high blood pressure is not caused by an underlying ailment. It is usually the result of unhealthy lifestyles—diet, exercise, stress, genetics, etc. and some other factors as under:
- Age (older populations, people above 60 are more prone to high BP)
- Diabetes
- Excessive salt consumption
- Over consumption of caffeine
- Secondary blood pressure:
Unlike primary BP, secondary blood pressure is caused by a specific medical condition—or medication. Some known causes of secondary BP are:
- Diseases related to the adrenal gland
- Kidney disorders
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Preeclampsia
Symptoms
Hypertension shows almost no symptoms until the condition is in an advanced stage, which is why it has been described as a silent killer. Prevention is definitely the safest approach. Adults over 40 should make it a practice to get their BP checked routinely; younger adults, between 18 and 39 can get their BP checked once a year. You don’t need to even visit the doctor; any medical professional can take your BP.
Treatment
Treatment for primary hypertension treatment usually comprises lifestyle changes, supported by medicines, where indicated.
Medicine
In addition to the above, your doctor may also prescribe medicines to reduce BP. These drugs can be as follows:
- Beta-blockers:
These medicines slow the heart rate effectively reducing output, and reducing blood pressure.
High BP Complications
Untreated hypertension will eventually cause a number of health issues, mostly as a result of atherosclerosis—narrowing of arteries caused by plaque on the walls of blood vessels. Such narrowing forces the heart to pump harder in order to circulate the blood.
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